Utilizing a characteristic shear rate like a scaling parameter, all measured and calculated effects of the normalized attachment ratio collapse onto a single curve fitted from the exponential function in Eq
Utilizing a characteristic shear rate like a scaling parameter, all measured and calculated effects of the normalized attachment ratio collapse onto a single curve fitted from the exponential function in Eq. isolating target tumor cells from binary mixtures actually for the lowest target/non-target cell concentration percentage of 1 1:100?000; this is a realistic percentage between CTCs and white blood cells in blood of cancer individuals. Detection of CTCs from blood samples was also shown using whole blood from healthy donors spiked with malignancy cells. Finally, the viability of target tumor cells released after capture was confirmed by observing continuous cell growth in culture. Intro Cancer ent Naxagolide Hydrochloride progression is definitely characterized by cells that invade locally and metastasize to nearby tissue or spread throughout the body.1 During metastatic progression, tumor cells modulate their adhesive properties to allow for invasion from the primary tumors, transit into the circulatory system and establishment of secondary colonies in distant organs.2 The clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic malignancy has been clearly demonstrated.3, 4 The prognostic value of CTCs drug resistance profile in metastatic breast cancer patients has been confirmed,5 and the detection of CTCs before initiation of therapy in malignancy individuals with metastatic disease is found to be highly predictive of overall survival.6 Hence, CTCs symbolize a potential alternative to invasive biopsies for monitoring of non-haematologic cancers.7 CTCs, however, are rare in blood and, consequently, selectively isolating them in a timely plausible process is a formidable complex challenge.8 The main obstacle in securing viable clinical information via CTC analysis is the extremely low concentration of these cells among a high quantity of other cells in peripheral blood.9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Numerous reports suggest that some 10C100 CTCs are present in 1 ml whole blood of cancer individuals among some 109 erythrocytes and 106 leukocytes. Sampling such rare events in a large population, three ent Naxagolide Hydrochloride important metrics must be assessed simultaneously: level of sensitivity, throughput, and viability.14 Cell adhesion to a surface has long been a subject for intense study effort because of its significant physiological importance. Several studies on cell attachment and detachment have offered useful data on receptor-mediated adhesion kinetics.15, 16, 17 The adhesion force is derived from the number and strength of bonds formed between the cell and the surface. The number of active bonds, contributing to the resultant adhesion push, depends on both membrane receptor and surface ligand densities.18 Different functional properties of receptor/ligand combinations give rise to different dynamic claims of adhering cells in shear flow;19 several adhesion modes have been observed: strong adhesion, transient tethering, and rolling at reduced velocities.20, 21, 22, 23 Microfluidic systems provide a unique chance for cell sorting Rabbit Polyclonal to GPR156 and detection; they have been applied for continuous size-based ent Naxagolide Hydrochloride separation, circulation cytometry, and adhesion-based separation.24 Requiring relatively simple products and providing first-class observation capabilities, cell capture and adhesive rolling have been extensively studied using microfluidic products.25, 26 In particular, antibody-functionalized microchannels have been utilized for the isolation of cancer cells from either homogeneous or heterogeneous suspensions.4, 27, 28 Utilizing micro-posts coated with EpCAM antibodies, viable CTCs were selectively separated from peripheral whole blood samples.27 By combining E-selectin and anti-EpCAM molecules, efficient capture of target cells was reported in microfluidic chambers.29 Highly efficient capture of CTCs was reported by using nanostructured silicon substrates with built-in chaotic micromixers.30 ent Naxagolide Hydrochloride Label-free cancer cell separation techniques, such as the size-based separation using deterministic lateral displacement structure31 or using dielectrophoretic techniques,32 were also reported. In our earlier work, we.
